Many people think that high-power LEDs do not have heat, but high-power LEDs have heat. Problems occur during heavy heat use. Many people who have just used high-power LEDs do not understand the thermal problem. How to solve it effectively makes product reliability a major problem. Then let's talk about the related issues.

      Under the forward voltage of the LED, the electrons obtain energy from the power supply, and under the driving of the electric field, they overcome the electric field of the PN junction and transition from the N region to the P region, and these electrons recombine with the holes in the P region. Since the free electrons drifting to the P region have higher energy than the valence electrons in the P region, the electrons return to a low-energy state during recombination, and the excess energy is released in the form of photons. The wavelength of the emitted photons is related to the energy difference Eg. It can be seen that the light-emitting region is mainly near the PN junction, and the light-emitting is due to the recombination of electrons and holes to release energy. In a semiconductor diode, electrons encounter resistance all the way from entering the semiconductor region to leaving the semiconductor region.

     Simply in principle, the physical structure of semiconductor diodes Simply in principle, the number of electrons emitted from the source negative electrode and the number of electrons returned to the positive electrode are equal to the physical structure of the semiconductor diode. Ordinary diodes, when the electron-hole pair recombination occurs, due to the energy level difference Eg, the released photon spectrum is not in the visible light range.

     On the way inside the diode, electrons will consume power due to the existence of resistance. The power consumed conforms to the basic laws of electronics: P = I2 R = I2 (RN ++RP ) + IVTH where: RN is the bulk resistance of the N region VTH is the turn-on voltage of the PN junction RP is the heat generated by the power consumed by the bulk resistance of the P region For: Q = Pt where: t is the time when the diode is energized.

     Essentially, the LED is still a semiconductor diode. Therefore, when the LED is working in the forward direction, its working process conforms to the above description. The electric power it consumes is: P LED = U LED × I LED In the formula: U LED is the forward voltage across the LED light source I LED is the current flowing through the LED These consumed electric power is converted into heat and released: Q=P LED × t where: t is the power-on time.

      In fact, the energy released by electrons when they recombine with holes in the P region is not directly provided by the external power source, but because the electron is in the N region and there is no external electric field, its energy level is higher than that of the P region. The valence electron energy level is higher than Eg. When it reaches the P region and recombines with the hole to become the valence electron of the P region, it will release so much energy. The size of Eg is determined by the material itself and has nothing to do with the external electric field. The effect of the external power source on the electron is only to push it to move in a directional manner and overcome the effect of the PN junction.

      The heat production of LED has nothing to do with the light efficiency; there is no relationship between a few percent of the electrical power to produce light, and the remaining few percent of the electrical power to produce heat. Through the understanding of high-power LED heat generation, thermal resistance, and junction temperature concepts, the derivation of theoretical formulas, and thermal resistance measurement, we can study the actual packaging design, evaluation and product application of high-power LEDs. It should be noted that heat management is a key issue at the current stage when the luminous efficiency of LED products is not high. Fundamentally improving the luminous efficiency to reduce the generation of heat energy is the bottom line. This requires chip manufacturing, LED packaging and application product development. Technological progress in all aspects.